Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2019)
FPJ 2019, 4(2): 123-138 |
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Zahedi M. Effect of compassion-based intervention on optimism and resiliency in conflicting couples'. FPJ 2019; 4 (2) :123-138
URL: http://fpcej.ir/article-1-224-en.html
URL: http://fpcej.ir/article-1-224-en.html
MA, Family Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Khomein Branch, Khomeini, Iran. , Maryam.z20182018@gmail.com
Abstract: (4358 Views)
Marital conflicts reduce the quality of couples' relationship, marital courage and Resiliency. According to this, The present study was conducted aiming to determine the Effect of Compassion-based Counseling on Optimism and Resiliency in Conflicting Couples' in the city of Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all the couples referred to consultation centers in the city of Isfahan in 2017. The sample size in the study was composed of 30 couples selected through purposive non-random sampling method and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight one-and-a-half hour sessions of affection-based consultation interventions during two months while the control groups didn’t receive them. Then the people in both groups took the posttest. The applied instruments included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati and Sana’ie, 2005), optimism questionnaire (Sheer and Caror, 1985) and Resiliency questionnaire (Coner and Dividson, 2003). the data analysis was done through SPSS23 software via descriptive statistics and ANCOVA methods. The results showed that Compassion-based Counseling has significantly influenced Optimism and Resiliency of the couples of Isfahan at the posttest stage. (P<0.0001). According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that Compassion-based Counseling using techniques such as mindfulness training, Empathy and sympathy for yourself and managing difficult emotions can increase the level of Optimism and Resiliency of conflicting couples.
References
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5. Bayerman, S., Kleverson, E. (2014). Family therapy and Self Differentation in women with and without mental disorders. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(11): 223-232.
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8. Campbell-sills, L., Cohan, S., and Stein, M. B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behavior research and therapy, 44, 585-599.
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10. Conner, K.M., Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale:The conner –Davidson Resilience scale(CD- RISC). Depression & Anxiety, (18), 36-82
11. Elaine, B.C.J., Hollins, M. (2016). Exploration of a training programme for student therapists that employs Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) to develop compassion for self and others. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22: 5-13.
12. Feeney, J.A., Karantzas, J.C. (2017). Couple conflict: insights from an attachment perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13: 60-64.
13. Gilbert,. P, Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263-325). London: Routledge.
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16. Kaslow, F.W. (1994). Divorce:An evolutionary process of change in family system. Journal of Divorce; 7(3): 21- 39.
17. Kelberer, L.J.A., Kraines, M.A., Wells, T.T. (2018). Optimism, hope, and attention for emotional stimuli. Personality and Individual Differences, 124: 84-90.
18. Kemppainen, R.N.J., Johnson, M.O., Phillips RN. & et al. (2013). A multinational study of self-compassion and human immunodeficiency virus-related anxiety. International Nursing Review, 60,477-486.
19. Kyeong, L.W. (2013). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between academic burn-out and psychological health in Korean cyber university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(8): 899–902.
20. Lee, J.E., Sudom, K.A., Zamorski, M.A. (2013). Longitudinal analysis of psychological resilience and mental health in Canadian military personnel returning from overseas deployment. Journal of Occup Health Psychology, 18: 327.
21. Lyons, K.S., Stewart, B.J., Archbold, P.G., Carter, J.H. (2009). Optimism, Pessimism, Mutuality, and Gender: Predicting 10-year Role Strain in Parkinson's Disease Spouses, The Gerontologist, 49(3), 378-387.
22. Markman, H.J. (1993). Preventing marital distress through communication and conflict management training. Journal of Clinical Psychology; 61: 70-77.
23. Mincu, C.L., Taşcu, A. (2015). Social Support, Satisfaction with Physician-Patient Relationship, Couple Satisfaction, Body Satisfaction, Optimism as Predictors of Life Satisfaction in People having a Current Perceived Health Problem. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187: 772-776.
24. Neff K.D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85- 102.
25. Neff, K.D., Kirkpatrick, K.L., Rude, S.S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139-154.
26. Onsy, E., Amer, M.M. (2014). Attitudes Toward Seeking Couples Counseling among Egyptian Couples: Towards a Deeper Understanding of Common Marital Conflicts and Marital Satisfaction. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140: 470-475.
27. Osarenren, N., Nwadinigwe, P., Anyama, S. (2013). The impact of marital conflicts on the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Emere Tren in Education Research Policy Study, 4(2): 320-326.
28. Pace, TD., Negi, LT., Adame, DD., Cole, SP., Sivilli, TI., Brown, TD., Issa, MJ., Raison, CL. (2009).Effect of Compassion Meditation on Neuroendocrine, Innate Immune and Behavioral Responses to Psychosocial Stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34 (1), 178-189.
29. Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757-761.
30. Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. (1993). On the power of positive thinking: The benefits of being optimistic. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(1): 26-30.
31. Smeets, E., Neff, K., Alberts, H., Peters, M. (2014). Meeting suffering with kindness: effects of a brief selfcompassion intervention for female college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9):794-807.
32. Tanenbaum, M.L., Adams, R.N., Gonzalez, J.S., Hanes, S.J., Hood, K.K. (2017). Adapting and validating a measure of diabetes-specific self-compassion. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 33(10): 1540-1541.
33. Wang, X., Chen, Z., Poon, K., Teng, F., Jin, S. (2017). Self-compassion decreases acceptance of own immoral behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 106: 329-333.
34. Wilson, S.J., Andridge, R., Peng, J., Bailey, B.E., Malarkey, W.B., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (2017). Thoughts after marital conflict and punch biopsy wounds: Age-graded pathways to healing. Psych neuroendocrinology, 85: 6-13.
35. Wren, A., Somers, J., Melissa, AW. Goetz, MC. Leary, MR., Fras, AM., et al. (2012). Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 43, 759-770.
36. Yarnell, L.M., Neff, K.D. (2013). Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity, 12(2):146-59.
37. Reference in Persian
38. Ajam, A.A., Farzanfar, J., Shokohi Fard, H. (2017). The Role of Self-Compassion in the General Health and Academic Achievement of the Nursing and Midwifery Students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014. 3 JNE. 2017; 5 (5):9-16. (In Persian).
39. Mohammadi, M. (2005). Investigate the factors affecting the sustainability of people at risk of substance abuse. Finally, another name. Third College of Law and Order, Shirvan. (In Persian).
40. Motahhari, Z., Behzadpour, S., Sohrabi, F. (2013). Explaining the Level of Marital Conflicts Based on Emotion-seeking and Resilience in Couples, Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 5 (2): 2015-122. (In Persian).
41. Mousavi Nasab, M.H., Taghavi, M.R. (2007). Optimism-Pessimism and Coping Strategies: Prediction of Psychological Adjustment in Adolescents. IJPCP, 12 (4):380-389. (In Persian).
42. Auerbach, S.M., Kiesler, D.J., Wartella, J., Rausch, S. (2005). Optimism, Satisfaction with Needs Met, Interpersonal Perceptions of the Healthcare Team, and Emotional Distress in Patient Family Members During Critical Care Hospitalization, American Journal of Critical Care, 14(3), 202-211.
43. Baker, L.R., McNulty, J.K. (2011). Self-compassion and relationship maintenance: the moderating roles of conscientiousness and gender. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 100(5): 853-873
44. Batista, R., Cunha, M., Galhardo, A., Couto, M., Massano-Cardoso, I. (2015). Psychological Adjustment to Lung Cancer: the Role of Self-compassion and Social Support. European Psychiatry, 30: 28-32.
45. Baucom, B.R., Sheng, E., Christensen, A., Georgiou, P.G., Narayanan, S.S., Atkins, D.C. (2015). Behaviorally-based couple therapies reduce emotional arousal during couple conflict. Behavior Research and Therapy, 72: 49-55.
46. Bayerman, S., Kleverson, E. (2014). Family therapy and Self Differentation in women with and without mental disorders. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(11): 223-232.
47. Blume, T. (2006). Emotional Intelligence in Couples Therapy: Advances from Neurobiology and the Science of Intimate Relationships, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32(3), 401.
48. Bluth, K., Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A. (2017). Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes. Journal of Adolescence. 57: 108-118.
49. Campbell-sills, L., Cohan, S., and Stein, M. B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behavior research and therapy, 44, 585-599.
50. Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., Segerstrom, S.C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical psychology review, 30, 879-889.
51. Conner, K.M., Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale:The conner –Davidson Resilience scale(CD- RISC). Depression & Anxiety, (18), 36-82
52. Elaine, B.C.J., Hollins, M. (2016). Exploration of a training programme for student therapists that employs Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) to develop compassion for self and others. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22: 5-13.
53. Feeney, J.A., Karantzas, J.C. (2017). Couple conflict: insights from an attachment perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13: 60-64.
54. Gilbert,. P, Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263-325). London: Routledge.
55. Hawkins, D.N., Booth, A. (2005). Unhappily Ever After: Effects of long-term, low-quality marriages on well-being. Social Forces, 84(1), 451-471.
56. Hjemdal, O., Vogel, P.A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Stiles, T.C. (2011). The relationship between resilience and levels of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents. Clinical Psychology Psychotherapy, 18: 314-21.
57. Kaslow, F.W. (1994). Divorce:An evolutionary process of change in family system. Journal of Divorce; 7(3): 21- 39.
58. Kelberer, L.J.A., Kraines, M.A., Wells, T.T. (2018). Optimism, hope, and attention for emotional stimuli. Personality and Individual Differences, 124: 84-90.
59. Kemppainen, R.N.J., Johnson, M.O., Phillips RN. & et al. (2013). A multinational study of self-compassion and human immunodeficiency virus-related anxiety. International Nursing Review, 60,477-486.
60. Kyeong, L.W. (2013). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between academic burn-out and psychological health in Korean cyber university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(8): 899–902.
61. Lee, J.E., Sudom, K.A., Zamorski, M.A. (2013). Longitudinal analysis of psychological resilience and mental health in Canadian military personnel returning from overseas deployment. Journal of Occup Health Psychology, 18: 327.
62. Lyons, K.S., Stewart, B.J., Archbold, P.G., Carter, J.H. (2009). Optimism, Pessimism, Mutuality, and Gender: Predicting 10-year Role Strain in Parkinson's Disease Spouses, The Gerontologist, 49(3), 378-387.
63. Markman, H.J. (1993). Preventing marital distress through communication and conflict management training. Journal of Clinical Psychology; 61: 70-77.
64. Mincu, C.L., Taşcu, A. (2015). Social Support, Satisfaction with Physician-Patient Relationship, Couple Satisfaction, Body Satisfaction, Optimism as Predictors of Life Satisfaction in People having a Current Perceived Health Problem. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187: 772-776.
65. Neff K.D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85- 102.
66. Neff, K.D., Kirkpatrick, K.L., Rude, S.S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139-154.
67. Onsy, E., Amer, M.M. (2014). Attitudes Toward Seeking Couples Counseling among Egyptian Couples: Towards a Deeper Understanding of Common Marital Conflicts and Marital Satisfaction. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140: 470-475.
68. Osarenren, N., Nwadinigwe, P., Anyama, S. (2013). The impact of marital conflicts on the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Emere Tren in Education Research Policy Study, 4(2): 320-326.
69. Pace, TD., Negi, LT., Adame, DD., Cole, SP., Sivilli, TI., Brown, TD., Issa, MJ., Raison, CL. (2009).Effect of Compassion Meditation on Neuroendocrine, Innate Immune and Behavioral Responses to Psychosocial Stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34 (1), 178-189.
70. Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757-761.
71. Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. (1993). On the power of positive thinking: The benefits of being optimistic. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(1): 26-30.
72. Smeets, E., Neff, K., Alberts, H., Peters, M. (2014). Meeting suffering with kindness: effects of a brief selfcompassion intervention for female college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9):794-807.
73. Tanenbaum, M.L., Adams, R.N., Gonzalez, J.S., Hanes, S.J., Hood, K.K. (2017). Adapting and validating a measure of diabetes-specific self-compassion. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 33(10): 1540-1541.
74. Wang, X., Chen, Z., Poon, K., Teng, F., Jin, S. (2017). Self-compassion decreases acceptance of own immoral behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 106: 329-333.
75. Wilson, S.J., Andridge, R., Peng, J., Bailey, B.E., Malarkey, W.B., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (2017). Thoughts after marital conflict and punch biopsy wounds: Age-graded pathways to healing. Psych neuroendocrinology, 85: 6-13.
76. Wren, A., Somers, J., Melissa, AW. Goetz, MC. Leary, MR., Fras, AM., et al. (2012). Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 43, 759-770.
77. Yarnell, L.M., Neff, K.D. (2013). Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity, 12(2):146-59.
78. Reference in Persian
79. Ajam, A.A., Farzanfar, J., Shokohi Fard, H. (2017). The Role of Self-Compassion in the General Health and Academic Achievement of the Nursing and Midwifery Students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014. 3 JNE. 2017; 5 (5):9-16. (In Persian).
80. Mohammadi, M. (2005). Investigate the factors affecting the sustainability of people at risk of substance abuse. Finally, another name. Third College of Law and Order, Shirvan. (In Persian).
81. Motahhari, Z., Behzadpour, S., Sohrabi, F. (2013). Explaining the Level of Marital Conflicts Based on Emotion-seeking and Resilience in Couples, Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 5 (2): 2015-122. (In Persian).
82. Mousavi Nasab, M.H., Taghavi, M.R. (2007). Optimism-Pessimism and Coping Strategies: Prediction of Psychological Adjustment in Adolescents. IJPCP, 12 (4):380-389. (In Persian).
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